When Can Compliments and Humour Be Considered Hate Speech? A Perspective From Target Groups in Portugal

نویسندگان

چکیده

This article presents a qualitative study that examines hate speech (HS) from the perspectives of most representative minority communities in Portugal, namely Afro-descendants, Roma, and LGBTQ+. The empirical research employed three focus groups, each with representation these (n=17), primary goal investigating how members groups perceive experience HS within Portuguese social geopolitical context. results indicate covert can be more detrimental than overt since targeted individuals are often caught off guard unsure to respond, contributing continuation systems oppression decline. Additionally, our data show forms manifest form compliments humour, common various settings, such as workplace, media, online environment. These devices communicative strategies anchored both positive negative stereotypes may lead normalization society. In this regard, draws attention significance identifying devising strategies, counter-speech, debunk them. Furthermore, it highlights need for automatic detection prevalent digital platforms.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Revista Comunicação e Sociedade

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['1645-2089', '2183-3575']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.43(2023).4135